![]() Although held by a Habsburg since 1470, the Holy Roman Emperor was chosen by seven Prince-electors Mainz, Cologne, Trier, Saxony, Brandenburg, Bohemia and the Palatinate. Richelieu also tried to create an alternative power centre by backing the Wittelsbachs, rulers of Bavaria, Cologne, Jülich and Berg. Instead, he financed their opponents, including the Dutch, the Ottomans, and Danish intervention in the Thirty Years' War. During the 1620s, France was divided by renewed religious wars and Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister from 1624 to 1642, avoided open conflict with the Habsburgs. In it, France agreed to protect Maximilian from Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, also a French ally and opponent of Emperor Ferdinand, Maximilian's overlord.Īttempts to keep it secret proved impossible, but Gustavus' death at Lützen in September 1632 ended Swedish ambitions in Bavaria.įrom around 1520 to 1750, European politics was dominated by the rivalry between France and the Habsburgs, rulers of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. ![]() The treaty provides an example of the complex relationships between the various participants. ![]() It was a pact of mutual assistance between Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, and France, for a period of eight years. The Treaty of Fontainebleau ( German: Vertrag von Fontainebleau) was signed on during the Thirty Years' War, at the Palace of Fontainebleau. ![]() ![]()
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